Should you transfer your UK pension?
If so, and your pension remains in the UK, you should be aware of your possible UK tax obligations. Furthermore, benefits could be available should you transfer these pension funds out of the UK to other secure jurisdictions under HMRC’s favourable Qualifying Recognised Overseas Pension Scheme (QROPS) regime.
Leave the Pension in the UK
If the pension remains in the UK, then the UK pension income should be taxable in the UK (at rates up to 45%). Furthermore, the fund remains exposed to the UK death benefit charges.
Transfer to a Gibraltar QROPS
Transferring to a Gibraltar QROPS for non-UK residents (5 years +) can alleviate UK tax on payments (at up to 45%) with 2.5% Gibraltar tax on payments and no tax in Nigeria on payments. Furthermore, the QROPS can protect from the UK death benefit charges if non-UK resident (5 years +) and there is no Gibraltar IHT.
Transfer to a Malta QROPS
Transferring to a Malta QROPS for non-residents (5 years +) can alleviate UK tax on payments (at up to 45%) with up to 35% Malta tax on such payments with no tax in Nigeria on payments. Furthermore, the QROPS can protect from the UK death benefit charges if non-UK resident (5 years +) and there is no Maltese IHT.
From 6 April 2006 a single set of rules came into effect. Under this system, the tax treatment for all types of approved schemes, including occupational schemes, small self-administered schemes, personal pensions, self-invested pension plans and retirement annuity contracts have been amalgamated into the rules for Registered Pension Schemes. These can be either Defined Benefit or Defined Contribution (DC) Schemes.
Under the DTA between the UK and Nigeria, generally pensions paid in consideration of past employment and annuities are taxable only in the country in which such income derived (i.e. the UK). There are exemptions where the employment terminated or annuity obligation existed pre 1979.
There are separate provisions for Government Service Pensions.
Gibraltar has no DTA with Nigeria, therefore QROPS pension payments to you would be taxable in Gibraltar,
currently at a rate of 2.5%.
No UK income tax if non-UK resident(for 5 tax years + or total withdrawals are below £100,000).
No Gibraltar Inheritance Tax.
Protection from UK IHT.
Protection from UK death benefit charges, if non-UK resident (and non-UK resident for the last 5 years + before payment).
Malta has no DTA with Nigeria, therefore the QROPS pension payments to you would be taxable in Malta,
currently at rates of up to 35%.
No UK income tax if non-UK resident(for 5 tax years + or total withdrawals are below £100,000).
No Maltese Inheritance Tax.
Protection from UK IHT.
Protection from UK death benefit charges, if non-UK resident (and non-UK resident for the last 5 years + before payment).
From 6 April 2015, the UK tax treatment of benefits from DC schemes on death depends, amongst other things, on the age of the member at the time of death (i.e. pre or post 75). From this date, generally, there should be a lower UK tax cost on passing pension value to heirs on death. However, that said there is still a possible current tax rate of up to 45%.
For those that are non-UK resident and have a QROPS the UK tax cost on succession can be less.
The Personal Income Tax (Amendment) Act, 2011 (PIT 2011) specifies that Nigerian residents are taxed on their worldwide income on a progressive scale up to a maximum of 24%.
In accordance with “PIT 2011” a resident person is assessable to tax on his global income, i.e. income accruing in, derived from, brought into, or received in Nigeria.
Therefore if the foreign income is not remitted to Nigeria, it should not be taxed there.
Furthermore, some types of income are specifically exempted from tax. PIT 2011 specifically exempts income paid out of a Pension Fund from tax. Pension Fund has been defined as “a society, fund, contract, or scheme, the assets of which are held under irrevocable trusts and any scheme established by a law in Nigeria or elsewhere, the main objects of which are, in the opinion of the Board, the provision of non-assignable and non-commutable retirement pensions or annuities for an individual or his dependants after his death, or for any group or class of individuals and their dependants.
Therefore, foreign-sourced pension payments from a QROPS, when paid to a Nigerian resident, should not be subject to tax in Nigeria. This is the position if paid as a lump sum, multiple lump-sums and / or regular income payments.
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This general information has been provided on the basis of our understanding of the current legislation in the UK, Gibraltar & Malta as of April 2015. Should any of the information provided be inaccurate, incomplete or misleading, we take no responsibility for any reliance placed on it. We recommend that individuals always seek specialist multi-jurisdictional (where relevant) tax advice so that their individual circumstances can be fully considered.